We gathered all the stock we could find, and made an attempt to move. We left many of our horses and cattle in Wallowa. We lost several hundred in crossing the river.
We did not know there were other people besides the Indian until about one hundred winters ago, when some men with white faces came to our country.
A man who would not love his father's grave is worse than a wild animal.
Some of you think an Indian is like a wild animal. This is a great mistake.
It required a strong heart to stand up against such talk, but I urged my people to be quiet and not to begin a war.
I would have given my own life if I could have undone the killing of white men by my people.
